Adjectives ending in – ing and - ed

CHAPTER II

THE BEGINNING OF THE REVELATION


Before becoming a prophet, Muhammad usually spent one month every year in a cave on the top of a mountain near Mecca. There he meditated and thought about religion of Abraham. This was done by him because he refused to accept the beliefs of the people of Mecca who worshipped idols. This continued for a number of years. When he was forty years of age the Archangel Gabriel came to him and convinced him.

It was clear that he was a prophet from God. He received the first revelation after becoming a prophet. The first revelation said :
“ Read in the name of they Lord who created.
Created man from a blood clot.
Read, thy Lord is most beneficial. He thought by pen
Taught man what he knw not ”.

When the prophet received this revelation from God and when he became sure, then he began to call people to accept the new religion. The new religion was based on the oneness of God-worshipping only Allah and giving up the worship of idols. About three years after Prophet received the first revelation he was told,” Warn your close relatives.”

He started to speak to his close friends and his family. Khadijah, his wife, was the first woman to accept islam, Abu Bakar was the first man. Ali bin Abi Talib, his cousin was the first boy to accept islam. The number started to increase slowly through the personal contact of the prophet and his close friend, Abu Bakar, but when he received the verse mentioned, This was the sign for him to inform all the people of mecca of his cause.



(Terjemahan teks )
BAB II
Awal Mula Turunnya Wahyu

Sebelum menjadi seorang Nabi, Muhammad selalu menghabiskan waktunya selama satu bulan dalam setahun di dalam sebuah gua di puncak gunung di dekat Mekkah. Di sana belilau bermeditasi dan memikirkan tentang ajaran agama yang di bawa Nabi Ibrahim. Hal ini dilakukan oleh beliau karena beliau menolak untuk menerima kepercayaan penduduk Mekkah yang menyembah berhala. Hal ini berlangsung selama bertahun-tahun ketika beliau berumur 40 th malaikat jibril mendatangi beliau dan membaiat/meyakinkan beliau.

Hal ini jelas bahwa beliau adalah seorang Nabi utusan Tuhan. Beliau menerima wahyu pertama setelah menjadi Nabi.
Wahyu pertama berbunyi:
“ Bacalah dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan.
Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah.
Bacalah, dan Tuhanmulah Yang Maha Pemurah.
Dia mengajar (manusia) dengan perantara kalam.
Dia mengajarkan pada manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya.

Ketika Nabi menerima wahyu ini dari Tuhan dan beliau menjadi yakin lalu beliau mulai menyeru pada orang-orang untuk menerima ajaran agama baru tersebut. Agama baru ini didasarkan/berazazkan pada penyembahan Tuhan yang Esa/satu dan hanya Allah yang menghentikan penyembahan berhala. Sekitar 3 tahun setelah Nabi menerima wahyu pertama tersebut beliau diajarkan,” Peringatkan kerabat dekatmu.

Beliau memulai menyebarkan ajarannya pada kerabat dekat dan keluarganya. Khadijah, istri beliau adalah wanita pertama yang memeluk islam dan Abu Bakar adalah pria pertama. Ali bin Abi Talib, keponakan beliau adalah pemuda pertama yang memeluk islam dan Zaid adalah budak pertama yang memeluk islam. Jumlah mereka mulai bertambah perlahan-lahan melalui pendekatan perseorangan.yang dilakukan Nabi dan ker abat dekatnya, Abu Bakar. Tetapi ketika beliau menerima ayat tersebut di atas (wahyu pertama) ini merupakan pertanda bagi beliau untuk memberitahukan kepada seluruh penduduk Mekkah mengenai maksud dan alasannya.

Adjectives ending in – ing and - ed


Correct Forms Common Errors

There are few people, This party is no fun at all
there's no food and the music is lousy. It's very bored
This party is very boring.


When the adjective ends in -ing, it means that the person or thing causes this particular effect.

Rules frustrate me. Rules are frustrating
Snakes terrify me. They are such terrifying creatures

Nobody is having fun at this party. Nobody is having fun at this party.
Everyone is bored Everyone is boring.


When the adjective ends in -ed, it means that the person or thing experiences this particular effect.

Rules frustrate me. I am frustrated when I have to learn them
Snakes terrify me. I'm always terrified when I see one


Preposition Alert

Surely everybody is interested in computers? Everybody is interested by computers?

Alert: There are no clear rules regarding what prepositions follow the adjectives ending in -ed. Learn by using them. Look at the following examples:
I am not satisfied with my grades. I must study more.
I am bored with this quiz. I want to switch off the computer.
I am irritated by his strange habits.




Main points
• Many adjectives ending in ‘-ing’ describe the effect that something has on someone's feelings.
• Some adjectives ending in ‘-ing’ describe a process or state that continues over a period of time.
• Many adjectives ending in ‘-ed’ describe people's feelings.
1. You use many ‘-ing’ adjectives to describe the effect that something has on your feelings, or on the feelings of people in general. For example, if you talk about ‘a surprising number’, you mean that the number surprises you.
alarming
amazing
annoying
astonishing
boring charming
confusing
convincing
depressing
disappointing embarrassing
exciting
frightening
interesting
shocking surprising
terrifying
tiring
welcoming
worrying
He lives in a charming house just outside the town.
She always has a warm welcoming smile.
Most ‘-ing’ adjectives have a related transitive verb
2. You use some ‘-ing’ adjectives to describe something that continues over a period of time.
ageing
booming decreasing
dying existing
increasing living
remaining
Britain is an ageing society.
Increasing prices are making food very expensive.
These adjectives have related intransitive verbs
3. Many ‘-ed’ adjectives describe people's feelings. They have the same form as the past participle of a transitive verb and have a passive meaning. For example, ‘a frightened person’ is a person who has been frightened by something.
alarmed
amused
astonished
bored delighted
depressed
disappointed
excited frightened
interested
satisfied
shocked surprised
tired
troubled
worried


She looks alarmed about something.
A bored student complained to his teacher.
She had big blue frightened eyes
Note that the past participles of irregular verbs do not end in ‘-ed’, but can be used as adjectives. See the Appendix for a list of irregular past participles.
The bird had a broken wing.
His coat was dirty and torn.
4. Like other adjectives, ‘-ing’ and ‘-ed’ adjectives can be:
• used in front of a noun
They still show amazing loyalty to their parents.
This is the most terrifying tale ever written.
I was thanked by the satisfied customer.
The worried authorities cancelled the match.
• used after link verbs
It's amazing what they can do.
The present situation is terrifying.
He felt satisfied with all the work he had done.
My husband was worried.
• modified by adverbials such as ‘quite‘, ‘really‘, and ‘very’
The film was quite boring.
There is nothing very surprising in this.
She was quite astonished at his behaviour.
He was a very disappointed young man.
• used in the comparative and superlative
His argument was more convincing than mine.
He became even more depressed after she died.
This is one of the most boring books I've ever read.
She was the most interested in going to the cinema.
5. A small number of ‘-ed‘ adjectives are normally only used after link verbs such as ‘be‘, ‘become‘, or ‘feel‘. They are related to transitive verbs, and are often followed by a prepositional phrase, a ‘to‘-infinitive clause, or a ‘that‘-clause.
convinced
delighted
finished interested
involved
pleased prepared
scared
thrilled tired
touched
worried


The Brazilians are pleased with the results.
He was always prepared to account for his actions.
She was scared that they would find her.
# The -ing adjective tells you about something (the job) . The -ed adjective tells you how somebody feels about something (The woman is bored because the job is boring).

--> My job is interesting. I'm interrested in my job.
--> My job is tiring. I'm always tired when I finish work.
--> My job is satisfying. I'm satisfied with my job.


So, when the adjective ends in -ed, it describes the feeling of something.

For example:- I'm interested in modern art. (This is my personal feeling)
I was really bored yesterday.

When the adjective ends in -ing, it describes the feeling given by something.

For example: Modern art is interesting. ("Modern art" can't feel, but it makes me feel interested.).
The news was shocking. (The "news" gives us a shocking feeling)
Present Continuous Tense
Rumusnya:

Positif: S + Tobe + Ving
Negatif: S + Tobe+ Not+ Ving
Tanya: Tobe + S + Ving

- I am writing now (Saya sedang menulis sekarang)
- I am NOT writing now (Saya sedang tidak menulis sekarang)
- Are you writing now? (Apakah kamu sedang menulis sekarang?)
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Rumus Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Positif: S + have/has + been + Ving
Negatif: S + have/has + not + been + Ving
Tanya: Have/has + S + been + Ving

- I have been living here for 2 years.( Saya sudah tinggal disini 2 tahun)
- She has not been learning english for 3 years.( Dia belum pernah belajar bahasa inggris selama 3 tahun)
- Have they been speaking English?( Apakah mereka telah berbicara dalam bahasa Inggris?)
Past Continuous Tense
Rumus Past Continuous Tense

Positif: S + was/were + Ving
Negatif: S + was/were + NOT + Ving
Tanya: Was/Were + S + Ving

- They were learning in the classroom when I came.( Mereka lagi belajar di kelas ketika saya dating)
- Joko was NOT sleeping in the class room.( Joko TIDAK tidur di ruang kelas)
- Were You writing Novel?( Apakah Anda menulis Novel?)
Past Tense
Rumus Past Tense:

Positif: S + V2
Negatif: S + did not + V1
Tanya: Did + S + V1

Contoh Kalimat Past Tense:
-I launched this blog on july 14th 2009.( Saya meluncurkan atau
launching blog ini tanggal 14 juli 2009)
- I did not see her standing there.( Aku tidak melihat dia berdiri di sana)
- Did they go to tokyo?( Apakah mereka pergi ke Tokyo)